| 8th-15th centuries |
From Constricted to Expansionist Europe |
|---|
| 711-1492 |
Moors from northern Africa occupied Spain |
| 1291 |
Mamelukes (Egypt) expelled Europeans from Middle East |
| 1291 |
Genoa (Italy) sponsored Vivaldi brothers to circumnavigate Africa; they disappeared |
| 1415 |
Portugal conquered Ceuta, across Mediterranean Sea in northern Africa |
| 1434-1460 |
Prince Henry (Portugal) sponsored exploration of west African coast |
| 1453 |
Ottomans conquered Constantinople |
| 1465-1479 |
Ottomans defeated Venice in naval war |
| 1492 |
Spain expelled Moors; Columbus “discovered” “America” (did not reach Asia) |
| 1493 |
Pope Alexander VI divided entire world between Portugal and Spain |
| 1497-1499 |
Vasco da Gama (Portugal) circumnavigated Africa to Asia |
| 1519 |
Spanish invasion and conquest of Aztecs in Mexico |
| 1531 |
Spanish invasion and conquest of Incas in Peru |
| 1586-1590 |
“Lost Colony” briefly established by England at Roanoke |
|
| 1459-1570 |
Europe’s Changing European Map of the World |
|---|
| 1459 |
Fra Mauro |
| 1489 |
Henricus Martellus |
| 1502 |
Alberto Cantino |
| 1507-1508 |
Johann Ruysch |
| 1536 |
Oronce Fine |
| 1569 |
Gerard Mercator |
| 1544 |
Sebastian Munster |
| 1570 |
Abraham Ortelius |
|
| 1478-1705 |
Europe’s Changing Image of Self and Other |
|---|
| 1480 |
“wild man” on tapestry |
| 1490 |
Hieronymous Bosch, Christ Carrying the Cross |
| 1478 edition |
Konrad von Megenberg, Das Buch der Natur |
| 1599 |
Levinus Hulsius, The Accounts of Raleigh’s Search for El Dorado |
| 1590 |
Theodore de Bry, “Picte I” and “Picte II” |
| 1493 |
Christopher Columbus, report |
| 1705; 1744 edition |
John Harris, Voyages and Travels |
| 1585 |
John White watercolors |
| 1590 |
Theodore De Bry engravings |