| 1790 |
Slave Population Around Time of U.S. Constitution |
|---|
| whites |
3.2 million |
| blacks |
0.8 million |
| 1788-1808 |
250,000 slaves imported from Africa to United States |
|
| 1800-1860 |
Demographic Growth of United States |
|---|
|
total population of United States (in millions) |
| 1800 |
5.3 |
| 1830 |
12.9 |
| 1860 |
31.4 |
|
total white population of United States (in millions) |
| 1800 |
4.3 |
| 1830 |
10.6 |
| 1860 |
26.9 |
|
total enslaved black population of United States (in millions) |
| 1800 |
0.9 |
| 1830 |
2.0 |
| 1860 |
4.0 |
|
total free black population of United States (in millions) |
| 1800 |
0.1 |
| 1830 |
0.3 |
| 1860 |
0.5 |
|
| 1850s-1860s |
Images of Selling and Buying of Slaves (i.e., Human Beings) |
|---|
| 1856 |
Illustrated London News |
| c.1859 |
Lefevre James Cranstone, “Slave Auction, Virginia” |
| 1850s |
New Orleans slave auctions |
| 1864 |
photograph of store in Atlanta, Georgia |
|
| 1830-1857 |
Southern Pro-Slavery Texts |
|---|
| 1787 |
Samuel Smith, Essay on the Causes of the Variety of Complexion and Figure in the Human Species |
| 1830 |
Charles Caldwell, Thoughts on the Original Unity of the Human Race |
| 1842 |
Josiah Nott, The Mulatto a Hybrid — Probable Extermination of the Two if the Whites and Blacks are Allowed to Intermarry |
| 1845 |
Josiah Nott, Two Lectures on the Natural History of the Caucasion and Negro Races |
| 1850 |
Thornton Stringfellow, A Brief Examination of Scripture Testimony on the Institution of Slavery |
| 1854 |
Josiah Nott, Types of Mankind |
| 1857 |
George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! |
|
| early-mid 19th century |
Romanticized Southern Images of Slavery |
|---|
| c. early 19th century |
“The Plantation” |
| 1855 |
Edward Beyer, “Bellevue, The Lewis Homestead, Salem, Virginia” |
|
| 1830s-1840s |
Religious Schism Along Sectional Lines (South Pro-Slavery; North Anti-Slavery) |
|---|
| 1837 |
Presbyterian church |
| 1844 |
Methodist church |
| 1845 |
Baptist church |
|
| 1850s-1860s |
Northern Images of Slavery |
|---|
| 1860s |
“Emancipated Slaves” |
| 1853 |
Eyre Crowe, “Slaves Going South after being Sold at Richmond” |